نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• خسرو پرویزی ¹
• علی قدمی فیروزآبادی ²

¹ بخش تحقیقات گیاهان زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان همدان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،

² ، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان همدان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،

چکیده

به منظور بررسی امکان کشت تاخیری سیب زمینی در همدان و همچنین مقایسه با کشت معمول آن در خردادماه بر میزان مصرف آب و عملکرد کمی و کیفی سیب‌زمینی، آزمایشی در طی دو سال زراعی 1398 و 1399 در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی همدان به اجرا درآمد. در این آزمایش سه رقم سیب‌زمینی شامل ارقام سانته (متوسط‌رس)، آریندا (زودرس) و بانبا (نیمه دیررس) با چهار تاریخ کشت 1- 15 خرداد (کشت معمول منطقه)، 2- اول تیرماه 3- 15 تیرماه و 4- 30 تیرماه در قالب طرح خردشده نواری کشت شد. در این آزمایش سیستم آبیاری تیپ مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. صفات مورد اندازه‌گیری شامل؛ سبز شدن 90 درصد (جوانه‌زنی 90 درصد)، تاریخ پوشش کامل، ارتفاع بوته در گلدهی، تعداد ساقه در بوته، عملکرد کل، درصد بدشکلی و رشد ثانویه غده، درصد ماده خشک غده و کارآیی مصرف آب بود. براساس نتایج تجزیه واریانس مرکب حاصل از اجرای آزمایش در طی دو سال مشخص شد که اثرات رقم و تاریخ کشت بر کلیه صفات رشد، عملکرد کل و کارآیی مصرف آب معنی‌دار است. همچنین اثر متقابل رقم و تاریخ کاشت نیز در اغلب صفات رشد و همچنین عملکرد غده و درصد ماده خشک غده معنی‌دار می‌باشد. نتایج نشان داد که در هر سه رقم مورد بررسی به طور متوسط افزایش عملکرد غده با کاشت در 15 خردادماه نسبت به کشت تاخیری (30 تیرماه) با متوسط 2/6 درصد بیشتر بود، هر چند این سه رقم واکنش متفاوتی نشان دادند. در مقابل کارآیی مصرف آب در کشت تاخیری (30 تیرماه) نسبت به کشت معمول (15 خردادماه) به میزان 53/1 کیلوگرم در مترمکعب آب (27 درصد) افزایش پیدا کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• آب مصرفی
• سیب‌زمینی
• شاخص رشد
• تاخیر کشت
• عملکرد غده

موضوعات

• کم آبیاری

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the possibility of improving growing traits and increasing water consumption efficiency with delayed potato cultivation in Hamadan province

نویسندگان [English]

• Khosro Parvizi ¹
• Ali Ghadami firoozabadi ²

¹ Horticulture Crops Research Department, Hamedan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Hamedan, Iran.

² Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Hamedan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Hamedan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Extended Abstract

Introduction:

The effect of temperature fluctuations on the growth and abnormalities of tubers and their unfavorable quality in a specific geographical area that are being relate to the climatic characteristics of the region, is largely beyond to the control of farmers (Parvizi et al., 2011). However, by adopting the appropriate planting date in each region, it is possible to avoid the collision of growth stages by preventing damage qualify to the produced tubers and, at the same time, a better quantity of production would be accomplished (Hassanpanah and Hassanabadi, 2012; Siddique et al., 1990; Rabinowitch and Levy., 2001). With this description, is it possible to postpone the peak water consumption of potatoes to a time in early to mid-September when there is a lower level of evaporation and transpiration by delaying the cultivation in potatoes, while the quantitative and qualitative performance can be acceptable? Therefore, this research was done in order to answer the questions raised and investigate the possibility of realizing the positive effects of delayed cultivation in Hamadan province.



Methods:

In order to investigate the possibility of delayed cultivation of potatoes in Hamedan and also to compare with its usual cultivation in June on the amount of water consumption and the quantitative and qualitative yield of potatoes, an experiment conducted during the two growing years of 2018 and 2019 at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center. Revenue implementation. In this experiment, three potato cultivars, including Sante (medium-early), Arinda (early), and Banba (semi-late) cultivars, with four planting dates: 1- June 15 (the usual cultivation of the region), 2- 1st of July, 3- July 15 and 4- July 30 planted in the form of Splited Strip Plot design . Tape irrigation system was used in this experiment. The measured traits included the time required to achieve 90% germination, the number of main stems per plant, the time of full coverage and flowering, total yield, secondary growth and tuber deformity percentage, tuber dry matter percentage, and the efficiency of water consumption.



Results:

Based on the results of compound variance analysis, we found that the effects of variety and planting date on all growth traits, total yield and water consumption efficiency were significant. The interaction effect of cultivar and planting date was significant in most of the growth traits as well as tuber yield and tuber dry matter percentage. Results of this research showed that the delay in planting date of potato has positive effects on the speed of germination and the acceleration of canopy formation. The speed of reaching full overlapping canopy with a difference of 7 days in delayed cultivation date (30th July) provides suitable conditions for better competition of potato crop with weeds and faster tuber formation. The lowest rate of secondary growth with an average of 6.00% related to the planting date of July 30 (delayed planting), it showed a statistically significant difference with the other three planting dates at the 5% level of Duncan's test. By comparing the mean results, it was found that in all three cultivars, the average increase in tuber yield by planting on June 15 was more significant than delayed cultivation (30th July) The amount of secondary growth in the tubers was directly related to the delay in planting time. So that with the delay in planting time especially in the delayed cultivation on July 30. The intensity of secondary growth on the tubers and their deformity was significantly reduced.in three cultivars (with an average of 6.2%), although three cultivars showed different reactions. On the other hand, the efficiency of water consumption in the delayed cultivation date (30th July) increased by 1.53 kg per cubic meter of water (27%) compared to regular cultivation (June 15). Water use efficiency was different in the investigated cultivars and in the planting dates. The planting date of July 30 with an average production of 7 kg of tubers per cubic meter of water used had the highest water use efficiency. The results of this research showed that with the delay in potato planting date in Hamedan province, the critical stage of potato growth (tuber bulking) did not coincide with the sudden increase in temperature in the province (July and early August). This condition leads to reducing the amount of growth abnormalities in the tuber and increasing the tuber's appearance quality.

Key words: Water consumption, Potato, Growth index, Delay planting date, Tuber yield

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Water consumption
• Potato
• Growth index
• Delay planting date
• Tuber yield