پژوهش آب ایران

پژوهش آب ایران

بررسی امکان بهبود صفات رشد و افزایش بهره‌وری مصرف آب با کشت تأخیری سیب زمینی در استان همدان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 بخش تحقیقات گیاهان زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان همدان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،
2 ، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان همدان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،
چکیده
به منظور بررسی امکان کشت تاخیری سیب زمینی در همدان و همچنین مقایسه با کشت معمول آن در خردادماه بر میزان مصرف آب و عملکرد کمی و کیفی سیب‌زمینی، آزمایشی در طی دو سال زراعی 1398 و 1399 در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی همدان به اجرا درآمد. در این آزمایش سه رقم سیب‌زمینی شامل ارقام سانته (متوسط‌رس)، آریندا (زودرس) و بانبا (نیمه دیررس) با چهار تاریخ کشت 1- 15 خرداد (کشت معمول منطقه)، 2- اول تیرماه 3- 15 تیرماه و 4- 30 تیرماه در قالب طرح خردشده نواری کشت شد. در این آزمایش سیستم آبیاری تیپ مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. صفات مورد اندازه‌گیری شامل سبز شدن 90 درصد (جوانه‌زنی 90 درصد)، تاریخ پوشش کامل، ارتفاع بوته در گلدهی، تعداد ساقه در بوته، عملکرد کل، درصد بدشکلی و رشد ثانویه غده، درصد ماده خشک غده و کارآیی مصرف آب بود. براساس نتایج تجزیه واریانس مرکب حاصل از اجرای آزمایش در طی دو سال مشخص شد که اثرات رقم و تاریخ کشت بر کلیه صفات رشد، عملکرد کل و کارآیی مصرف آب معنی‌دار است. همچنین اثر متقابل رقم و تاریخ کاشت نیز در اغلب صفات رشد و همچنین عملکرد غده و درصد ماده خشک غده معنی‌دار می‌باشد. نتایج نشان داد که در هر سه رقم مورد بررسی به طور متوسط افزایش عملکرد غده با کاشت در 15 خردادماه نسبت به کشت تاخیری (30 تیرماه) با متوسط 2/6 درصد بیشتر بود، هر چند این سه رقم واکنش متفاوتی نشان دادند. در مقابل کارآیی مصرف آب در کشت تاخیری (30 تیرماه) نسبت به کشت معمول (15 خردادماه) به میزان 53/1 کیلوگرم در مترمکعب آب (27 درصد) افزایش پیدا کرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Investigating the possibility of improving growing traits and increasing water consumption efficiency with delayed potato cultivation in Hamadan province

نویسندگان English

Khosro Parvizi 1
Ali Ghadami firoozabadi 2
1 Horticulture Crops Research Department, Hamedan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Hamedan, Iran.
2 Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Hamedan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Hamedan, Iran.
چکیده English

The effect of temperature fluctuations on the growth and abnormalities of tubers and their unfavorable quality in a specific geographical area that are being relate to the climatic characteristics of the region and is largely beyond the control of farmers (Parvizi et al., 2011). However, by adopting the appropriate planting date in each region, it is possible to avoid the collision of growth stages by preventing damage qualify of the produced tubers and, at the same time, the better quantity of production would be accomplished (Hassanpanah and Hassanabadi, 2012; Siddique et al., 1990; Rabinowitch and Levy., 2001). In order to investigate the possibility of delayed cultivation of potatoes in Hamedan and also to compare with its usual cultivation in June on the amount of water consumption and the quantitative and qualitative yield of potatoes, an experiment was conducted during the two growing years of 2018 and 2019 at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center. Revenue implementation. In this experiment, three potato cultivars including Sante (medium-early), Arinda (early) and Banba (semi-late) cultivars with four planting dates; 1- June 15th (the usual cultivation of the region), 2- 1st of July, 3- 15th July and 4- 30th July were planted in the form of Splited Strip Plot design . The tape irrigation system used in this experiment. The measured traits included the time required to achieve 90% germination, the number of main stems per plant, the time of full coverage and flowering, total yield, the percentage of tuber deformity and secondary growth, the percentage of tuber dry matter and the efficiency of water consumption. Based on the results of compound variance analysis, we found that the effects of variety and planting date on all growth traits, total yield and water consumption efficiency were significant. The interaction effect of cultivar and planting date was significant in most of the growth traits as well as tuber yield and tuber dry matter percentage. The results of this research showed that the delay in planting date of potato has positive effects on the speed of germination and the acceleration of canopy formation. The speed of reaching full overlapping canopy with a difference of 7 days in delayed cultivation date (30th July) provides suitable conditions for better competition of potato crop with weeds and faster tuber formation. The lowest rate of secondary growth with an average of 6.00% related to the planting date of July 30 (delayed planting) and it showed a statistically significant difference with the other three planting dates at the 5% level of Duncan's test. By comparing the mean results, it was found that in all three cultivars, the average increase in tuber yield by planting on June 15 was greater than delayed cultivation (30th July) in three cultivars (with an average of 6.2%), although three cultivars showed different reactions. On the other hand, the efficiency of water consumption in delayed cultivation date (30th July) increased by 1.53 kg per cubic meter of water (27%) compared to regular cultivation (June 15). The results of this research showed that with the delay in potato planting date in Hamedan province, the critical stage of potato growth (tuber bulking) did not coincide with the sudden increase in temperature in the province (July and early August). This condition lead to reducing the amount of growth abnormalities in the tuber and increasing the tuber's appearance quality.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Water consumption
Potato
Growth index
Delay planting date
Tuber yield
دوره 18، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 53
تابستان 1403
تابستان 1403

  • تاریخ دریافت 10 اسفند 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری 11 اردیبهشت 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 25 آذر 1404