مطالعه آزمایشگاهی اثر شیب معکوس و پله منفی ابتدایی بر خصوصیات پرش هیدرولیکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی عمران، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد استهبان.

2 استاد گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان.

3 استادیار گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد استهبان

چکیده

حوضچه‌های آرامش قسمت کوتاهی از یک کانال کف سازی شده‌اند که به‌صورت سازه‌ای خاص در انتهای سرریزها و هر سازه دیگری که جریان فوق بحرانی ایجاد می‌کند، برای کنترل پرش هیدرولیکی ساخته می‌شوند و هر چه طول آن‌ها کوتاه تر باشداز نظر اقتصادی مناسب تر خواهند بود. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی خصوصیات پرش هیدرولیکی در کانال با شیب معکوس و پله منفی ابتدایی می‌باشد. در این پژوهش اثر همزمان سه شیب معکوس و سه ارتفاع پله منفی ابتدایی بر اعماق مزدوج، طول پرش و افت انرژی در اعداد فرود 4.5 تا 9.5 بررسی شده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که با افزایش شیب معکوس کانال، مقدار نسبت اعماق مزدوج، طول پرش و افت انرژی به ترتیب 12.6، 13.9 و 16.8 درصد کاهش می‌دهد. در حالی افزایش که پله منفی نسبت اعماق مزدوج و طول پرش را به ترتیب 5.66 و 6.2 درصد افزایش و افت انرژی را 2.6 درصد کاهش می‌دهد. ترکیب دو عامل شیب معکوس و پله منفی نسبت اعماق مزدوج، طول پرش و افت انرژی را به ترتیب 12.42، 14.8 و 3 درصد کاهش می‌دهد و نیز تنش برشی 12.56 برابر شرایط بستر صاف به‌دست آمد. بنابراین نقش پله منفی در تثبیت پرش در محل حوضچه آرامش می‌باشد و شیب معکوس این تثبیت پرش را سخت‌تر می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of the effect of adverse slope and elementary negative step on hydraulic jump characteristics

نویسندگان [English]

  • Keikhosro Saiadi 1
  • Manouchehr Heidarpour 2
  • Zahra ghadampour 3
1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Estahban Branch, Islamic Azad University, Estahban, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil engineering, Estahban Branch, Islamic Azad University, Estahban, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Stilling basins are a short section of the floor of channels that are constructed as special structures at the end of the spillways and any other site that creates a supercritical flow to control the hydraulic jump. The shorter their lengths, they will be the more economically viable. One of the most important topics in the study of reducing the destructive energy of the flow is hydraulic jump. Hydraulic jump control is carried out in order to reduce the damage of the downstream structures. A hydraulic jump is one of the most rapidly varied flows occurring when the flow is altered from a supercritical state to a subcritical one in a part of its path. Researchers have always tried to control the hydraulic jump to prevent severe damage to downstream hydraulic structures. The high cost of building recreational pools has encouraged researchers to reduce sequent depth, jump length and reduce energy losses. There are several methods to reduce the sequent depth and length of the hydraulic jump, as well as increasing the energy loss of the hydraulic jump, such as increasing the adverse slope of the bed or using roughness in the channel floor. In addition to reduce the dimensions of the hydraulic jump for the cost-effective construction of the stilling basin, the stabilization of the hydraulic jump at the pool site is also very important. A sudden drop in the bed (negative step) stabilizes a horizontal hydraulic jump of channel adjacent to the step for a wide range of sequent depths. This paper introduced a new solution for the hydraulic jump on adverse slope and negative step to the difference between the upstream and the downstream momentum fluxes.
The channel used in this research had a rectangular shape with a length of 8, a width of 0.4 and a height of 0.6 meters. The walls and floor of this channel were made of transparent Plexiglas sheet. This channel was fed by a pump with a maximum discharge of 50 liters per second. In order to increase the initial Froude number before the upstream sliding gate, the tank height is considered to be 1.25 m. To create the stairs at the beginning of the channel, Teflon sheets with thicknesses of 3 and 6 cm were used. Taking into account the zero height, three different heights were considered for the stairs. In this study, three angles of zero, 3 and 6 degrees were used for the adverse slopes. To change the slope of a false plate with a length of 3 meters was applied that its sloping part continued to a distance of 2 meters from the gate, the slope of which was adjustable. This plate was located at the bottom of the channel, just after the initial gate, where the jump occurs completely in this part of the channel. A sliding gate was installed at the inlet of the flume to create the jump. In addition, another valve was used at the end of the flume to stabilize the jump. In the performed experiments, the downstream gate was adjusted so that the start of the jump occurred at the point of change in the height of the channel. In the current study, the total number of the experiments was 81 that performed in the range of 4.5 to 9.5 Froude numbers.
In this research, the combined effect of using three inverse slopes and three elementary negative step elevations on hydraulic jump characteristics (including: sequent depths, jump length and energy loss) were studied in Froude numbers of 4.5 to 9.5. The results showed that by increasing the adverse slope of channel reduced the sequent depths, jump length and energy loss by 12.6%, 13.9% and 16.8%, respectively. By increasing the negative step, the ratio of sequent depths and jump length increased by 5.66% and 6.2%, respectively; while, energy loss decreased by 2.6%. The combination of the adverse slope and negative step reduced the sequent depths, jump length and energy loss by 12.42%, 14.8% and 3%, respectively, and also created a shear of 12.56 times equal to the conditions of a smooth bed. Therefore, the negative step only stabilizes the jump in the stilling basin, and the adverse slope makes this jump stabilization difficult.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Hydraulic jump
  • Adverse slope
  • Elementary negative step
  • Froude Number
  • Bed shear stress
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