نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• فاطمه عیسوند رجبی
• احمد کریمی
• حمیدرضا متقیان
• جهانگرد محمدی

چکیده

بیوچار ازجمله ترکیبات آلی پایدار است که امروزه از آن، برای اصلاح ویژگی­های فیزیکی خاک استفاده می­شود. این پژوهش به‌منظور مقایسة آثار دو نوع بیوچار حاصل از کود گاوی و بقایای نیشکر بر هدایت هیدرولیکی اشباع و ضرایب رطوبتی خاک با بافت‌ لوم شنی انجام شد. آزمایش­ها در وضعیت گلخانه­ای به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با دو فاکتور نوع بیوچار (کود گاوی و بقایای نیشکر) در دو سطح و فاکتور مقدار کاربرد در پنج سطح (صفر، 0.5، 1، 1.5 و 2 درصد وزنی) در سه تکرار انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که اثر بیوچار­های مصرفی بر هدایت هیدرولیکی اشباع و ضرایب رطوبتی خاک شامل ظرفیت زراعی، نقطة پژمردگی دائم، آب قابل ‌استفاده گیاه و ظرفیت نگهداری نسبی معنی‌دار (p<0.01) بود. کاربرد 2 درصد وزنی بیوچار در هر دو نوع بیوچار نسبت به تیمار شاهد، بیش­ترین تأثیر را بر افزایش هدایت هیدرولیکی اشباع و ضرایب رطوبتی در خاک لوم شنی داشت. اما به‌علت نبود اختلاف معنی­دار بین سطح مصرفی 1.5 و 2 درصد، می­توان سطح 1.5 درصد را به‌عنوان سطح مصرفی بهینه و اقتصادی معرفی کرد. در مجموع می­توان نتیجه گرفت که استفاده از بیوچار­ها به‌عنوان یک اصلاح‌کننده در خاک­های سبک بافت که ظرفیت نگهداری آب کمی دارند، روش مناسبی خواهد بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• بیوچار
• رطوبت ظرفیت زراعی
• رطوبت نقطه پژمردگی دائم
• آب قابل‌استفاده گیاه

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of Biochar effects of cow manure and sugarcane residues on moisture content of sandy loam soil

نویسندگان [English]

• fatemeh Esvand Rajabi
• Ahmad Karimi
• Hamid Reza Motaghian
• Jahangird Mohammadi

چکیده [English]

Using stable organic modifiers is a way to improve soil quality. In developed countries in the field of sustainable agriculture, due to high attention to the issue of carbon stabilization in the soil and its role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and therefore minimizing damage to the environment, the production of soil modifiers has been taken into consideration. In recent years, Biochar has been used as a soil modifier and a tool for carbon sequestration in agricultural soils. In fact, Biochar is a carbon-rich organic material that produced by pyrolysis of biomass under oxygen limited conditions, that can improve the physical and chemical characteristics of soils. Biochar is one of the most stable organic compounds used nowadays to modify soil properties. Saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil moisture coefficients are the most important physical properties of soils that affect water and solute transport and plant growth. Despite the importance of soil physical properties in increasing soil production and quality, less attention has been paid to the effects of Biochar on these properties compared to the chemical.
This study was carried out to investigate the effects of two types of Biochar (cow manure and sugarcane residues) on saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil moisture coefficients of sandy loam texture in greenhouse conditions. For this purpose, Biochar was produced from cow manure and sugarcane residue at temperature of 400° C, for 3 hours. Biochar which was prepaird in powdered form evenly added to the soil that was air-dried and passed through a 4-mm sieve. In this study, according to the number of experimental treatments, 27 plastic pots were used, that 3 kg of soil was added to each one. In the bottom of the pots, holes were made for drainage and a sand filter (with a grain size of 2 to 4 mm) with a thickness of 2 cm was placed in the bottom of the pot. The pots were kept in the greenhouse for 60 days, at an average daily temperature of 35?c. During the experimental period, irrigation was performed based on the discharge of 50% of soil moisture content at field capacity. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized factorial design with two types of Biochar (cow manure and sugarcane residues) and application rates of five levels (zero, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% by weight), in 3 replications. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) and soil moisture coefficients including field capacity (FC), permanent wilting point (PWP), plant Available water (PAWC) and relative holding capacity (RFC) were determined.
The results showed that the effect of Biochar application on saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil moisture coefficients including field capacity, permanent wilting point, plant Available water and relative holding capacity was significant (p

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• biochar
• field capacity
• permanent wilting point
• plant available water