نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• حجت قربانی واقعی
• حسین علی بهرامی
• فرزین نصیری صالح

چکیده

کپسول‌ رسی نوعی لوله‌ تراوا در آبیاری زیرسطحی است که توانایی تأمین هوشمندانه رطوبت ظرفیت زراعی را در ناحیه رشد ریشه دارد. شکل پیاز رطوبتی این قطعات در خاک تحت تأثیر هدایت‌هیدرولیکی اشباع خاک،‏ تخلخل خاک،‏ حجم آب مصرفی،‏ فشار هیدروستاتیک و زمان آبیاری قرار دارد. در این مقاله،‏ شعاع و عمق پیاز رطوبتی خاک در بافت لوم رسی،‏ بعد از 24 ساعت آبیاری زیرسطحی از منبع تغذیه نقطه‌ای در دو نوع کپسول رسی GBN (قطر 3.5 و ارتفاع 12 سانتی‌متر) و GN (قطر 3.5 و ارتفاع 3.5 سانتی‌متر) به روش آنالیز ابعادی با تئوری باکینگهام شبیه‌سازی شد. برای ارزیابی اعتبار نمونه‌ها از تحلیل خطاهای باقیمانده استفاده شد. نتایج تحلیل خطاهای باقیمانده نشان داد که متوسط مقادیر ME،‏ RRMSE و R2 در تخمین شعاع و عمق خیسیدگی کپسول‎های رسی GBN و GN به ترتیب 9.82،‏ 23.78،‏ 89.48 و 10.92،‏ 57.97،‏ 90.4 است. پس روش آنالیز ابعادی در هر دو نوع کپسول رسی توانسته است شعاع و عمق خیسیدگی را با دقت خوبی برآورد کند. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که قطعات GN در فشار هیدروستاتیک 100 کیلوپاسکال قادر به تولید شعاع و عمق خیسیدگی مشابه قطعات GBN تا فشار هیدروستاتیک 50 کیلوپاسکال هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• توزیع رطوبت
• لوله‌های تراوا
• تئوری باکینگهام
• تحلیل خطاهای باقیمانده
• شبیه‌سازی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Dimensional analysis of soil wetting pattern from porous clay capsules

نویسندگان [English]

• HOJJAT GHORBANI VAGHEI
• HOSSEIN ALI BAHRAMI
• Farzin Nasiri Saleh

چکیده [English]

The majority of the world's dry lands are still farmed by small scale. In these farms, low cost simple irrigation methods have paid attention by farmers and also international development programs. The buried clay pot irrigation is one of the most important efficient traditional methods that could be of great use on small and medium sized farms and gardens that have not been well studied in Iran. Also, the information on the shape of the wetted zone of soil under buried clay pot plays the great significance in the design and management of this type of irrigation system for many farm lands at arid and semi-arid regions on small and medium sized farms and gardens. Clay pot or porous clay capsules irrigation is able to release water in near root zone with self- regulative. Several parameters such as saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, soil porosity, water supply, pressure head and irrigation time may affect on discharging and soil wetting shape under sub-irrigation with porous clay capsule.
Present research was carried out in 2014 on the field of the faculty of agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, to study simulated soil wetting shape under two different types of buried porous clay capsule (GBN and GN) in calcareous soil with clay loam texture. The soils are generally deep to moderately deep with clay loam texture, ~ 17% CaCO3 (lime), 0.44% organic matter and moderately soil permeability. The slope in this study area is 0.5 -1.5%. The GBN and GB have different size and discharge. In this paper, wetted radius and depth of GBN (3.5 cm diameter and 12 cm height) and GN (3.5 cm diameter and 3.5 cm height) porous clay capsules as a subsurface point source were measured at 10, 25, 50, 80, 100 kPa of hydrostatic pressure by discharge-pressure automation instrument which was designed for this purpose. The soil wetting shapes measured after 24 hours of irrigation with GBN and GB of buried porous clay capsule under clay loam soil texture. In order to predict the water distribution of clay capsules, several parameters such as saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, soil porosity, water supply, pressure head and irrigation time were modeled by with the Buckingham theorem in dimensional analysis technique. Residual error analysis was used to validate the simulation model.
According to the experimental results, the soil water distribution shape in GN and GBN clay capsules types followed a spherical trend, which is due to the low discharge of clay capsules. The analysis results of residual errors showed that the average of ME, RRMSE and R2 were 9.82, 23.78, 89.48 and 10.92, 57.97, 90.4 for GB and GBN, respectively. Therefore, dimensional analysis models have good accuracy in determining the wetted radius and depth of two clay capsule types. These shows that developed model can be used to simulate the wetting pattern under porous clay capsule irrigation system with a point source of water application. Also, the results showed that wetted radius and depth of GN at 100 kPa pressure head was similar to GBN up to 50 kPa. On the other hand, irrigation engineers can selected and used GN instead of GBN for places with high pressure ability. Because, the run of smaller nozzle (clay capsule of GN) is easier in related to the GBN at the fields.
Water distribution in the soil is important for the design, operation, and management of irrigation system for arid and semi-arid regions. In this study, four equation were developed to simulate soil wetted depth and width with the Buckingham theorem in dimensional analysis technique under two types of buried porous clay capsule (GBN and GN) at point source of water application. It is important to know that the discharge of clay capsules increased with increasing pressure head and the relationship between discharge and hydrostatic pressure trend to non-linear in GB and GBN. Based on our experimental results, these equations can be used as a reliable method to predict the wetted soil shape in clay loam soil and had good accuracy for practical project to help in deciding depth and intervals of porous clay capsules and designing a subsurface irrigation scheme. In other hands, the simulated values by models were followed a distribution similar to the observed values in both of porous clay capsule types. The main conclusion drawn from the two porous clay capsule size is that the soil wetted shape in GN type was similar to GBN type at the high pressure head. This point is important for designing suitable irrigation systems and appropriate management.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Soil water distribution
• Simulation
• Buckingham theo
• Residual errors
• Porous pipe