1- APHA . , 2017. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 23rd ed. Washington, D.C.: American Public Health Association.
2- Braga, R., Paiva, A. and Lima, P., 2025. Spatiotemporal variability of groundwater quality for irrigation: A case study in Mimoso Alluvial Valley, semiarid region of Brazil. Water, 17(3), 410. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17030410
3- Çavdar, E., 2024. Subsurface water storage in dryland basins: A sustainable approach. Journal of Arid Environments, 215, 104789. https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewAAES42022367
4- Chang, Y., Chen, X., Liu, D., Tian, C., Xu, D. and Wang, L., 2023. Study on the Control of Saltwater Intrusion Using Subsurface Dams. Water, 15(22), 3938. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15223938
5- Durfor, C.N. and Becker, E., 1964. Public Water Supplies of the 100 Largest Cities in the United States, 1962. U.S. Geological Survey, Water-Supply Paper No. 1812.
6- Emami, S.N., 2024. Evaluation of the quantity and quality of water resources affected by underground dam (Case study: Yan Cheshmeh underground dam, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province). Publications of the Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Series No. 66952, 82 p. [In Persian].
7- Emami, S.N., Yousefi, S., Nekouimehr, M. and Mansouri, M. ,2024. Locating subsurface dams in Ben County, Chaharmahal-and-Bakhtiari Province, Iran. Iranian Water Research Journal, 18(4), pp.55-62. https://doi.org/10.22034/IWRJ.2024.14888.2624 [In Persian].
8- Fang, H., Zhang, W. and Lee, T., 2023. Combined effects of aquifer heterogeneity and subsurface dams on nitrate contamination. Science of the Total Environment, 884, 163876. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163876
9- Freeze, R.A. and Cherry, J.A., 1979. Groundwater. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
10- Hem, J.D., 1985. Study and Interpretation of the Chemical Characteristics of Natural Water. 3rd Edition, US Geological Survey, Water-Supply Paper No. 2254, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, 263 p.
11- Imig, A., Szabó, Z., Halytsia, O., Vrachioli, M. and Kleinert, V., 2022. A review on risk assessment in managed aquifer recharge. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 18(6), pp.1513–1529. https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4584
12- ISIRI (Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran)., 2009. Drinking Water: Physical and Chemical Specifications (ISIRI 1053), 5th ed. Tehran: ISIRI.
13- Gao, S., Zheng, T., Zhang, B., Fang, Y. and Zheng, X., 2023. Combined effects of aquifer heterogeneity and subsurface dam construction on nitrate pollution in coastal aquifers. Journal of Environmental Management, 319, 119740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119740
14- Kalaitzidou, K., Ntona, M.M., Zavridou, E., Tzeletas, S., Patsialis, T., Kallioras, A., Zouboulis, A., Virgiliou, C., et al.,., 2023. Water quality evaluation of groundwater and dam reservoir water: application of the Water Quality Index to study sites in Greece. Water, 15(23), 4170. doi: 10.3390/w15234170
15- Lalehzari, R. and Tabatabaei, S.H., 2010. Groundwater quality analysis in Shahrekord aquifer. Environmental Sciences Journal of Environmental Studies, 36(53), pp. 55–62. https://journals.ut.ac.ir/article_21485_2131.htm [In Persian]
16- Lalehzari, R. and Tabatabaei, S.H., 2015. Simulating the impact of subsurface dam construction on the change of nitrate distribution. Environmental Earth Sciences, 74(4), pp.3241–3249. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-4362-2
17- Liu, J., 2023. Impacts of subsurface dam construction on downstream groundwater levels and salinity in coastal aquifers. Groundwater, 61(6), pp. 865–878. doi: 10.1111/gwat.13304
18- Lotfi, M., Jafari, A., Ghoreyshi, M. and Zare, H., 2017. Evaluation of the impact of Ravar subsurface dam on groundwater quality. Journal of Water and Soil Science (Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources), 21(2), pp. 251–262. . [In Persian].
19- Mahdavi, A., Tabatabaei, S.H., Nouri, M. and Mahdavi, R., 2011. Identification of groundwater artificial recharge sites using fuzzy logic: a case study of Shahrekord Plain, Iran. Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage, 6(2), 1013–1027. http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-1707-en.html
20- Masayuki, I., 2024. Review of Subsurface Dam Technology Based on Japan’s Experience in the Ryukyu Arc. Water, 16(16), 2282. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16162282
21- Parker, T.K., Alley, W.M. and Job, C.A., 2022. Managed aquifer recharge: A proven technology for water supply resilience. Groundwater, 60(5), pp.577–578. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.13222
22- Piper, A.M.,1944. A graphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water-analyses. Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 25(6), pp.914–923.
23- Rembert, F., Léger, M., Jougnot, D. and Luquot, L., 2023. Geoelectrical and hydrochemical monitoring of karst formation at the laboratory scale. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 27, pp.417–430. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-417-2023
24- Rembert, F., Léger, M., Jougnot, D. and Luquot, L., 2023. Geoelectrical and hydrochemical monitoring of karst formation at the laboratory scale. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 27, pp.417–430. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-417-2023
25- Salehi, F., 2023. The effectiveness of Yan Cheshmeh underground dam construction in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province on agriculture, orchards and vegetation. Final report of the research project. Publications of the Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Series No. 64494, 88p. [In Persian].
26- Shen, C., Fan, Y. and Lu, C., 2025. Effects of a subsurface dam on groundwater flow and saltwater intrusion in a coastal aquifer. Journal of Hydrology, 603, 127232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132327
27- Rajabi, A.M., Alizadehnia, S. and Sohrabi Bidar, A., 2025. A review of studies on underground dam site selection criteria and methods. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 43(3), pp. 1235–1253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2025.103995
28- Silva, R. T. et al., 2020.Variation of the water table and salinity in alluvial aquifers of underground dams in the semi-arid region of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.. Hydrogeology Journal, 28(3), pp. 945–959.
29- Sun, Y., Xu, S. G., Kang, P. P., Fu, Y. Z. and Wang, T. X., 2019. Impacts of artificial underground reservoir on groundwater environment in the reservoir and downstream area. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(11), 1921. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16111921
30- Todd, D.K. and Mays, L.W., 2005. Groundwater Hydrology. 3rd ed. John Wiley and Sons.
31- WHO (World Health Organization) ., 2017. Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, 4th ed. Geneva: World Health Organization.
32- Wilcox, L.V., 1955. Classification and use of irrigation waters. U.S. Department of Agriculture Circular No. 969, 19p.
33- Zheng, T.,Zheng, X.,Chang, Q.,walther, M., 2021. Timescale and effectiveness of residual saltwater desalinization behind subsurface dams in an unconfined aquifer., Water Resources Research, 57, e2020WR028493. doi: 10.1029/2020WR028493