1. Abdelhaleem, F.S., Mohamed, I.M., Shaaban, I.G., Ardakanian, A., Fahmy, W. and Ibrahim, A., 2023. Pressure-flow scour under a bridge deck in clear water conditions. Water, 15(3), p. 404. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15030404
2. Aghaee, Y. and Hakimzadeh, H., 2010, September. Three dimensional numerical modeling of flow around bridge piers using LES and RANS. In River flow, 2010, pp. 211-218. Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11970/99648
3. Aghaee-Shalmani, Y. and Hakimzadeh, H., 2022. Large eddy simulation of flow around semi-conical piers vertically mounted on the bed. Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 22(5), pp. 1211-1232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10652-022-09886-x
4. Aghaee-Shalmani, Y., and Hakimzadeh, H., 2015. Investigation of the local scouring pier of the bridge with variable cross-section. Ph.D. Thesis, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, 268 p [In Persian].
5. Ahmad, N., Kamath, A. and Bihs, H., 2020. 3D numerical modelling of scour around a jacket structure with dynamic free surface capturing. Ocean Engineering, 200, p. 107104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107104
6. Baduna, M., Karakurt, O. and Akay, H., 2021. Effect of various flow, sediment and geometrical parameters on partially or fully submerged deck scour. SN Applied Sciences, 3, pp. 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-021-04326-9
7. Baker, C.J., 1979. The laminar horseshoe vortex. Journal of fluid mechanics, 95(2), pp. 347-367. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112079001506
8. Bombardelli, F.A., Palermo, M. and Pagliara, S., 2018. Temporal evolution of jet induced scour depth in cohesionless granular beds and the phenomenological theory of turbulence. Physics of Fluids, 30(8). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5041800
9. Dankoo, A., Yonesi, H., Torabipoudeh, H. and Saneie, M., 2022. The effect of pressure flow conditions on bridge pier scour in compound open channels with vegetation. Journal of Hydraulics, 17(1), pp. 89-103. https://doi.org/10.30482/jhyd.2021.304025.1550
10. Dargahi, B., 1989. The turbulent flow field around a circular cylinder. Experiments in fluids, 8, pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00203058
11. Graf, W.H. and Altinakar, M.S., 1998. Flow and Transport Processes in Channel of Simple Geometry.
12. Grimaldi, C., Gaudio, R., Calomino, F. and Cardoso, A.H., 2009. Countermeasures against local scouring at bridge piers: slot and combined system of slot and bed sill. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 135(5), pp. 425-31. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000035
13. Hannah, C., Scour at Pile Groups. Research Rep. No. 28-3. 1978.
14. Istiarto, I., 2001. Flow around a cylinder in a scoured channel bed. Lausanne, Switzerland: Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Master's Thesis, 263 p.
15. Koushki, M., Chamani, M.R. and Moghim, M.N., 2023. Assessment of equilibrium pressure-flow scour depth using jet flow theory. International Journal of Sediment Research, 38(1), pp. 141-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2022.09.001
16. Koushki, M., Chamani, M.R. and Moghim, M.N., 2024. Theoretical approach for the equilibrium scour depth underneath a partially submerged bridge deck. Physics of Fluids, 36(2). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0192312
17. Launay, G., Mignot, E., Rivière, N. and Perkins, R., 2017. An experimental investigation of the laminar horseshoe vortex around an emerging obstacle. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 830, pp. 257-299. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.582
18. Lin, C., Kao, M.J., Hsieh, S.C., Lo, L.F. and Raikar, R.V., 2012. On the flow structures under a partially inundated bridge deck. Journal of Mechanics, 28(1), pp. 191-207. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmech.2012.20
19. Majid, S.A., Tripathi, S. and Das, D., 2023. Experimental study of pressure flow due to vertical contraction using particle image velocimetry. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 149(7), p. 04023016. https://doi.org/10.1061/JHEND8.HYENG-13397
20. Malekouti, A. and Dehnadi, A., 2018. Numerical Simulation of Scour around Double Cylindrical Bridge Piers Group. International Conference on Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Development of Contemporary Iran, Tehran [In Persian].
21. Nasiri-Dehsorkhi, E., Chamani, M.R. and Kabiri-Samani, A., 2021. August. Characteristics of flow around a cylindrical pier under a partially submerged bridge deck. In Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Water Management, 174(4), pp. 159-172. Thomas Telford Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1680/jwama.19.00021
22. Nisi, M., Jafari, A. and Qomshi, M., 2021. Investigating the Effect of Accumulated Wood around Cylindrical Bridge Piers on the Depth of Local Scour, Twelfth International Seminar on River Engineering [In Persian].
23. Nouh, M., 1986. August. Local scour at pile groups in meandering channels. In Proc., IAHR, Symp. on Scale Effects in Modelling Sediment Transport Phenomenon (pp. 164-179).
24. Omara, H. and Tawfik, A., 2018. May. Numerical study of local scour around bridge piers. In IOP conference series: earth and environmental science, 151(1), p. 012013. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/151/1/012013
25. Ranjkesh, M., 2010. The effect of flow structure on the scouring around cylindrical bridge piers. M.Sc. thesis, Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology [In Persian].
26. Van Rijn, L.C., 1984. Sediment transport, part I: bed load transport. Journal of hydraulic engineering, 110(10), pp.1431-1456. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1984)110:10(1431)
27. Wang, H., Tang, H., Liu, Q. and Wang, Y., 2016. Local scouring around twin bridge piers in open-channel flows. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 142(9), p. 06016008. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001154
28. Wu, T.R., Huang, Y.X., Chu, C.R., Wang, C.Y. and Le, T.L., 2024. Numerical study of local scour and hydrodynamic pressure of complex bridge piers. Results in Engineering, 24, p. 103533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103533
29. Zhou, L., 2017. Numerical modelling of scour in steady flows (Doctoral dissertation, Université de Lyon).
