نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد علوم باغبانی ، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه خلیج فارس. بوشهر. ایران
2 گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه خلیج فارس، بوشهر. ایران.
3 دانشگاه خلیج فارس
4 استادیار دانشگاه خلیج فارس
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Nowadays, salinity stress is the most important abiotic stress for plants, because in addition to reducing yield, it reduces the amount of fresh water and land that can be used for agriculture. By contrast, in soilless or hydroponic cultivation systems, plants are cultivated in an environment other than soil, in order to get to maximum plant density, improve yield and reduce soil contamination and nutrient uptake problems. Considering that tomato is a plant with high nutritional value and that it can be grown in different substrates, choosing a suitable substrate for cultivation that has the ability to reduce the effects of salinity is important. In order to study the effect of activated carbon and potassium-enriched nano zeolite as an adsorbent under salty conditions on yield, growth, physiological properties and water use efficiency of tomato.
This experiment was performed as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications in the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of the Persian Gulf in 2022 in greenhouse conditions with a temperature of 22 ± 5°C and a relative humidity of 50 to 70%. . The experiment consisted of two factors of cultivation bed and irrigation water salinity. Five types of culture media including basic culture media (cocopeat and perlite at 2/1v/v ) and the treatments of activated carbon and nanozeolite enriched with potassium at two levels of 15 and 30g of each adsorbent, which were added to the kg of basic culture medium. Salinity levels of water applied at three levels of 1.8, 3.5 and 5.5 dS/m of Hoagland solution. Salinity treatments were applied two weeks after the establishment of Adamino tomato seedlings in the culture bed, through the drip solution system, and continued until one week before the end of the experiment (120 days). The measured traits were total yield, average fruit weight, chlorophyll a, b and total, carotenoids, lycopene, vitamin C, TSS, TA of fruit extract, electrolyte leakage, relative content of leaf water, proline and water use efficiency.
The results showed that with increasing salinity to 5.5 dS/m, tomato yield, fruit weight, relative leaf water content, chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll, carotenoid content content and water use efficiency significantly decreased (p< 0.01), while the application of absorbent could had a better effect on these traits by reducing the effect of salinity. on the other hands, increasing salinity increased vitamin C, TSS, TA of fruit extract, electrolyte leakage, lycopene and proline of tomato shoots. Adverse effects of salinity on plant growth include osmotic stress, specific ion effects, and nutritional imbalance leading to morphological, physiological and biochemical disturbances. Our result showed that amending the substrate with activated carbon and potassium-enriched nanozeolite increased all studied traits of tomato except vitamin C at all salinity levels (p< 0.01). The highest yield of tomato (6.66 kg), fruit weight (96.33 g) and water use efficiency (27.75 kg/m3) were related to the treatment of 15 g/kg potassium-enriched in culture medium with the solution of 1.8 dS/m. The application of 15 g/kg activated carbon and 30 g/kg potassium-enriched nanozeolite of culture medium increased the yield and fruit weight by 45% and 28% respectively compared to the control treatment at the same salinity level. Zeolites consist of large open internal pores with a high cation-exchange capacity in crystal structure that result in high water holding capacity and nutrient retention. That improvement of the plant growth in zeolite-rich treatments may be associated with enhancement of macronutrient supplement and reduction of sodium uptake by plant root. In addition, In addition the potassium in nanozeolite and due to antagonistic relationship between potassium and sodium, caused the reduction of sodium absorption by the plant, so it moderates the negative effects of salinity stress and increases indicators related to growth and yield and water use efficiency of tomato. It seems that the use of activated carbon in this research has reduced the effects of salinity stress due to its high specific surface area and porous structure. In general, the results of this study show the beneficial effects of activated carbon and enriched nano zeolite on properties of tomatoes. In general, the results of this research show the beneficial effects of the application of activated carbon and potassium nano-enriched zeolite on the yield, phytochemical traits and water use efficiency of tomato under salinity stress conditions.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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