پژوهش آب ایران

پژوهش آب ایران

تأثیر مقادیر مختلف آب و زغال‌زیستی بر کارایی مصرف آب، تابع تولید و رشد گیاه گوجه‌فرنگی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دکتری فیزیک و حفاظت خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران
2 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران.
3 گروه علوم مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران
4 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران
5 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران
چکیده
به‌منظور بررسی اثر مقادیر مختلف آبیاری و کاربرد زغال‌زیستی سبوس برنج بر ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیکی، نرخ رشد نسبی (RGR) و کارایی مصرف آب (WUE) گوجه‌فرنگی، آزمایشی گلدانی به‌صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در دو فصل زمستان و بهار به مدت 120 روز در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه لرستان اجرا گردید. تیمارها شامل هفت تیمار آبیاری (50، 60، 70، 80، 90، 100 و 110 درصد تأمین نیاز آبی بر اساس تخلیه‌ی رطوبتی خاک) و سه سطح زغال‌زیستی (0، 3 و 6 تن در هکتار) بودند و تیمار آبیاری با تأمین درصد نیاز آبی گیاه همراه با عدم مصرف زغال‌زیستی (0 تن در هکتار) به عنوان تیمار شاهد در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین WUE در آبیاری 90 درصد تأمین نیاز آبی همراه با کاربرد 6 تن در هکتار زغال‌زیستی در هکتار به دست آمد که به ترتیب 8/3 و 3/1 برابر بیشتر از تیمار شاهد (بدون زغال زیستی) و 3 تن در هکتار زغال زیستی بود. همچنین، کاربرد زغال‌زیستی همراه با آبیاری کافی موجب افزایش RGR شد؛ به‌طوری‌که در روزهای ۱۰ تا ۲۰ پس از کاشت، مقدارRGR تیمار ۶ تن در هکتار زغال‌زیستی با آبیاری ۱۰۰ درصد تامین نیاز آبی (11/0) به‌مراتب بیشتر از تیمار بدون زغال زیستی (03/0) به‌دست آمد. به‌طور کلی، مقادیر مختلف آبیاری موجب نوسان RGR شدند، ولی کاربرد زغال‌زیستی به‌ویژه 6 تن در هکتار،RGR را حدود ۱۰ تا ۲۵٪ افزایش داد و اثرات منفی کم‌آبی یا آبیاری بیش‌ازحد را تعدیل کرد. این روند در مراحل بعدی رشد نیز ادامه یافت و بیانگر نقش زغال‌زیستی و کاهش تنش خشکی در بهبود رشد گیاه بود. تحلیل تابع تولید نیز نشان داد رابطه بین عملکرد و مقدار آب مصرفی از نوع درجه دوم بوده و آبیاری بیش از نیاز گیاه (L110) موجب کاهش عملکرد گردید (945/0R²=). به‌طور کلی یافته‌ها نشان داد که کاربرد ۶ تن در هکتار زغال‌زیستی همراه با آبیاری ۹۰ درصد تأمین نیاز آبی، بهترین تیمار برای افزایش عملکرد و کارایی مصرف آب بود، چرا که زغال‌زیستی با بهبود خاک و فراهمی عناصر غذایی، رشد گیاه را به‌صورت هم‌افزا افزایش داد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

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