نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
چکیده
نیاز روزافزون به منابع آب جدید و نیز محدودیت منابع آب، باعث افزایش برداشت غیرمجاز از منابع آب زیرزمینی شده است. در این تحقیق، برای شبیه‌سازی جریان آب زیرزمینی در آبخوان حوضة مقیطالو از مدل MODFLOW در برنامة GMS استفاده شد. سطح حوضه با یک شبکه سه‌بُعدی متشکل از 2491 سلول در یک لایه با اندازه‌های متغیر 25 تا 150 مترمربع پوشش داده شد. مقادیر پارامترهای آبخوان با استناد به مطالعات زمین‌‌شناسی و ژئوالکتریک و لوگ چاه‌های شناسایی منطقه تعیین شدند. موقعیت حوضه، لایه‌های سطحی زمین و سنگ بستر و منابع تخلیه و تغذیه با استفاده از نرم‌افزار GIS تهیه و بعد از پردازش وارد مدل شدند. نتایج شبیه‌سازی نشان داد که در حالت ماندگار، دریاچه ارومیه آبخوان را تغذیه می‌کند و در حالت غیرماندگار، زهکشی از آبخوان بعد از گذشت 9 ماه از سال آبی به تغذیه آبخوان از دریاچه تبدیل می‌شود و اجرای مدل برای سال‌های 75-74 و 89-88 تأثیر تراز دریاچه را بر تغذیه و تخلیه آبخوان به خوبی نشان داد. نتایج شبیه‌سازی با وجود اطلاعات کم از منطقة مورد مطالعه موفقیت‌آمیز بود و تأثیر تغییرات تنش‌ها به خوبی نمایش داده شد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Modelling of interaction between Urmia Lake water level and costal aquifer with GMS
نویسندگان [English]
- Samaneh Dadafarid
- Behzad Hessari
- Hirad Abghari
چکیده [English]
Providing safe and sanitary drinking water is one of the goals of moving toward sustainable development, and dealing with aridity crisis is an important issue. Groundwater supplies ??% of the total available fresh water. The increasing need for more and more water resources and the finitude of water resources have led to the extraction of unauthorized withdrawals from groundwater resources. The first step toward achieving management goals and operating correctly is studying and recognizing the groundwater resources system. For studding groundwater behavior, one of the new methods is studying mathematical and computer models of groundwater that, in its turn, is an advanced and complete management tool. In this regard, a groundwater computer model called Groundwater Modelling System(GMS) was used to simulate the aquifer which is able to simulate stable and unstable conditions and has a wide variety of hydrogeological properties. It simulates groundwater flow using finite difference method(FDM). A wide range of information and a complete description of the flow system including hydraulic parameters, boundary conditions, and the pressure and stress applied to the flow are essential for the effective use of the GMS. The purpose of this study is to investigate the interactions between Lake Urmia water level changes and Meghitalu aquifer groundwater level changes in a distributed system.
Methods: Meghitalu aquifer is located in north of Urmia in Kahriz region that has interaction with Urmia lake. In order to simulate groundwater flow in Meghitalu basin and aquifer, MODFLOW module were used in the GMS model. According to geological and hydrogeological studies, the target aquifer was considered as an unconfined aquifer. The basin was considered by a three-dimensional mesh consisting ???? cells with variable sizes between ?? and ??? square meters in ? layer. The amount of the aquifer parameters were determined based on the geological and meteorology and geo-electrical studies and logs of the wells in the area. The location of the aquifer, the surface layers of the ground, bedrock, hydraulic conductivity, evaporation depth and supply and drain resources were procured using GIS software, and then they were added to the model after being processed.
Considering that the changes in Urmia Lake water level are influencing factors on aquifer recharge and discharge, the years ????-???? as the highest water level, ????-???? as the normal condition of water level, and ????-???? as the lowest level were selected. The average water level of the Lake during ???? to ???? was ???? meters. After implementing the model controller and ensuring that the conceptual model is unmatched by any error, the model ran in both stable condition that is based on the average annual data and in the unstable condition that is based on daily data for the length of the year.
Results: The results of the simulation for the years ????-???? show that the lake recharge the aquifer in the stable condition, and rainfall and evaporation are not able to feed the aquifer; the range of hydraulic head changes in the aquifer cells is between ????-???? m. In unstable condition at the beginning of the year, all cells of the aquifer are wet and groundwater level are above the lake level and after ? months of water year, status of drainage changes and the Lake starts to recharge the aquifer . The range of hydraulic head reduced from ???? - ???? meters in the first time step (October) to ????-???? meters in the last time step (September). Simulation for the years ????-???? and ????-???? demonstrated the influence of lake level on the recharging and discharging of the aquifer. The range of hydraulic head in the aquifer wet cells is reduced from ????-???? meter in the years ????-???? to ????-???? meter in the years ????-???? at the end of the simulation period . In all model implementation scenarios, wet cells with higher hydraulic head are in areas with high hydraulic conductivity. Overall, despite the lack of information in the study area, the results of the simulation were successful and the effects of tension changes were well displayed. When the groundwater level is lower than the level of Urmia Lake, the lake will feed the aquifer and the feeding will continue until the seawater is at the same level as the groundwater.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- GIS
- GMS
- Groundwater
- Level of hydraulic head
- recharge
- discharge
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